On August 1, 1909, the California Senate enacted the California Standard Form of Fire Insurance Policy, which did not contain any earthquake clause. Lawson (1908) originally ascribed these later oscillations to reverberation of the tsunami within San Francisco Bay. [9] Shaking was felt from Oregon to Los Angeles, and as far inland as central Nevada. [citation needed] In 1929, Bank of Italy was renamed and is now known as Bank of America. The quake ruptured 296 miles of the San Andreas Fault and shook for 45 to 60 seconds. The houses were designed by John McLaren, and were grouped in eleven camps, packed close to each other and rented to people for two dollars per month until rebuilding was completed. Until 1910, a few countries, especially in Europe, followed the call for an exclusion of the earthquake hazard from all fire insurance contracts. Just as there would be none at all if all this New York that has so obsessed me with its limitless bigness was itself a blazing ruin. The $2 monthly rents went towards the full purchase price of $50. Before the quake, San Francisco was known as the "Queen of the West." [46] The earthquake itself is not even mentioned in the statement. [11], For years, the epicenter of the quake was assumed to be near the town of Olema, in the Point Reyes area of Marin County, due to local earth displacement measurements. This fault runs the length of California from the Salton Sea in the south to Cape Mendocino in the north, a distance of about 810 miles (1,300 km). Carl Nolte, Hundreds gather to honor victims of '06 quake, "Ruth Newman, a Survivor of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Dies at 113", "Last survivor of 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire dies at 109", "Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry", Library of Congress P&P Online Catalog — Panoramic Photographs, https://www.sparknotes.com/drama/angels/symbols/, "Source study of the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake", Before and After the Great Earthquake and Fire: Early Films of San Francisco, 1897–1916, A geologic tour of the San Francisco earthquake, 100 years later, Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco, Mark Twain and the San Francisco Earthquake, Seismographs of the earthquake taken from the Lick Observatory from the Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections, Timeline of the San Francisco Earthquake April 18 – 23, 1906, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1906_San_Francisco_earthquake&oldid=999574075, 1906 natural disasters in the United States, Articles with dead external links from March 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 21:53. 1906 San Francisco earthquake: About 430 kilometers (270 mi) were ruptured in Northern California. The maximum observed surface displacement was about 20 feet (6 m); geodetic measurements show displacements of up to 28 feet (8.5 m). Though the quake lasted less than a minute, its immediate impact was disastrous. [15] The shaking intensity as described on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale reached XI (Extreme) in San Francisco and areas to the north like Santa Rosa where destruction was devastating. At the time of the disaster, San Francisco had been the ninth-largest city in the United States and the largest on the West Coast, with a population of about 410,000. [87] William Del Monte (January 22, 1906 – January 11, 2016), who died 11 days shy of his 110th birthday, was thought to be the last survivor. For a list of these companies see Tilmann Röder, deadliest earthquakes in the history of the United States, 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906, List of disasters in the United States by death toll, "Where Can I Learn More About the 1906 Earthquake? William Del Monte, then 103, and Jeanette Scola Trapani (April 21, 1902 – December 28, 2009),[81] 106, stated that they stopped attending events commemorating the earthquake when it became too much trouble for them. The main shock was followed by many aftershocks and some remotely triggered events. 1906 San Francisco Quake: How large was the offset? The 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fires killed an estimated 3,000 people and left over half of the city's population homeless. Leaking gas was the catalyst for fires that quickly spread throughout the city and the lack of water made fire fighting a challenge. 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